ABSTRACT
Introduction: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy gall bladder perforation and spillage are the common complications encountered during dissection and removal of gall bladder. Gall bladder removal can be completed simply and safely when a retrieval bag is used. This trial was undertaken to compare the retrieval of gall bladder with endobag versus without endobag. A sterile latex glove was used as an endobag which is an easily available and a cheaper alternative with similar effectiveness. Aim: To compare the benefits and complications of extraction of gallbladder in an endobag v/s direct extraction through 10 mm port in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of operative time, port site infection, port site pain and duration of hospital stay. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Department of Surgery SN Medical College Agra to compare benefits and complications of extraction of gallbladder in an Endobag versus direct extraction. A total of 100 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were included in the study after surgical assessment and confirming diagnosis. They were divided into two groups of 50 each by randomization. Results: In this study of 100 patients 92% were females and 8% were males. With the use of an endobag, mean operative time taken was 1 hour as compared to 1.3 hours taken in procedure without using an endobag. Mean hospital stay was of 3.45 days and only 2% patients had port site infection in cases with endobag as compared to 3.6 days and 10% patients had port site infection in cases without endobag. There was no spillage of stones and bile with the usage of endobag. Conclusion:An endobag for retrieval of gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy was found better than the direct extraction of the gall bladder. A sterile latex glove made endobag is a simple, safe and cost–effective method and can be used instead of endobag
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: The PAX5, a paired box transcription factor and B-cell activator protein (BSAP), activates B-cell commitment genes and represses non-B-cell lineage genes. About 14 transcript variants of PAX5 have been observed in human. Any alteration in its expression pattern leads to lymphogenesis or associated diseases and carcinogenesis in non-lymphoid tissues. Its mechanisms of function in pathophysiology of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) are unclear. This study was intended to explore influence of PAX5 in cascade of NHL pathogenesis and diagnosis. Methods: Samples of 65 patients were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for cellular localization of PAX5, CD19, CD3, cABL, p53, Ras and Raf and by TUNEL assay, RNA-isolation and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, Western blot analysis, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) specific staining. Results: B-cell type NHL patients were positive for PAX5, p53, Ras, CD19, Raf and CD3. All of them showed TUNEL-positive cells. The differential expression pattern of PAX5, CD19, p53, CD3, ZAP70, HIF1α, Ras, Raf and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) at the levels of transcripts and proteins was observed. The LDH assay showed modulation of LDH4 and LDH5 isoforms in the lymph nodes of NHL patients. Interpretation & conclusions: The histological observations suggested that the patients represent diverse cases of NHL like mature B-cell type, mature T-cell type and high grade diffuse B-cell type NHL. The findings indicate that patients with NHL may also be analyzed for status of PAX5, CD19 and ZAP70, and their transcriptional and post-translational variants for the differential diagnosis of NHL and therapy.